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公告&动态 第213页

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安全工具包保护组织免受网络攻击

对一个组织来说，最大的风险之一就是网络攻击。因此在当今这个数字时代，正确使用标准和系统来确保信息安全变得尤为重要。这也是ISO/IEC 27000 关于信息技术安全技术系列标准修订，为组织带来附加值和信心的原因。

由国际信息系统审计协会（ISACA）进行的一项全球调查表明，在129个国家中，只有38%的国家认为他们为应对网络攻击做好了准备，但是83%的国家认为网络攻击是当今组织面临的三大威胁之一。许多人员资料和重要信息都存在电脑里，一旦遭到入侵，损失会非常严重。

ISO/IEC JTC1/SC27 WG1信息技术管理体系（ISMS）召集人爱德华.汉弗莱斯（Edward Humphreys）教授强调：“为了在如今的数字情况下确保安全，所有组织，无论大小，都应该先制定一个管理框架来应对网络攻击。ISO/IEC 27001 就是为了帮助组织制定管理框架而制定的。对评估、应对信息类风险而言，这项标准就好像一套全球‘通用语’。”

以下是2015年发布的ISO/IEC 27000 系列标准最新修订版，是ISO/IEC 27001“网络风险工具包”中的一部分，用来防范风险。

一、云端信息保护标准(ISO/IEC 27017)

最新发布的ISO/IEC 27017是一项针对云端服务的信息安全规范。云端技术作为最炙手可热的创新技术，在如今快速发展的商业领域应用十分广泛。随着云端服务逐渐开始收费，用户对云端技术下的数据储存加工提出了更高的要求。因为云端服务的市场已经遍布全球，世界各地都有其供应商，使得信息数据实现跨国传递。因此制定一个国际指南至关重要。

    山崎悟（Satoru Yamasaki）是ISO/IEC 27017标准的制定人员之一，他介绍道：“ISO/IEC 27017将会帮助服务供应商与客户就安全控制和实施指南达成一致意见，促进云计算机系统安全的发展和扩大。”

此新指南由国际标准主要制定方IEC, ISO和ITU联合制定，以保证指南发挥最大的作用。

二、针对服务的综合解决方案（ISO/IEC 27013）

越来越多的组织将信息安全管理体系(ISO/IEC 27001)与服务管理体系(ISO/IEC 20000-1)合二为一。整合后的综合体系能有效提高组织的服务质量、管控客户反馈、处理问题的同时，还能保证信息安全。ISO/IEC 27013是一个系统性方案，为服务管理体系提供了信息安全管理体系，为供应商寻求认证降低了实施成本，避免重复审查。

三、领域间和组织间的交流（ISO/IEC 27010）

当两个组织机构共享信息时，如何确保各自数据的安全性？ISO/IEC 27010是对ISO/IEC 27000具体领域的补充，用于指导组织间和领域间交流时信息安全的启动、执行、维护和改进。该标准包含了如何通过运用现有信息传送和其他技术方法达到相关要求的一般原则，希望以此促进全球信息共享共同体的发展。

就如ISO/IEC 27010编写者麦克.纳什（Mike Nash）所言：“ISO/IEC27010主要为ISO/IEC 27001和ISO/IEC 27002量身制定，用于组织机构间的沟通交流。该标准将提高组织机构与其他机构信息共享的安全性。”

该标准尤其适用于需要交换机密信息的国家基础设施建设，同时也广泛应用于安全事件响应小组。

四、网络攻击的检测与预防(ISO/IEC 27039)

组织机构如何检测防御自己的网络、系统和应用程序以免遭到入侵？最好的做法是了解网络、系统和应用程序何时以及如何被入侵的，同时还需要确认被利用的安全隐患在哪里，应如何采取防御措施以防类似入侵。入侵探测及防御系统（IDPS）是解决此类问题的其中一种办法。

ISO/IEC27039为制定和部署IDPS提供指导，涵盖了诸如选择、开发和操作的各个关键方面。该国际标准特别适用于当今市场，因为如今以此类技术和方法为基础的众多开源IDPS产品和服务已投放到市场，同时ISO/IEC 27039将引导组织机构防御入侵。

五、审核与认证(ISO/IEC 27006)

越来越多的组织机构开始转向第三方认证审核以证明自身信息安全管理系统（ISMS）符合ISO/IEC 27001的要求。ISO/IEC 27006规定了认证机构和注册机构需达到认可要求后，才能提供ISO/IEC 27001认证服务。

“认证机构想要提供ISO/IEC 27001认证服务，ISO/IEC 27006对他们来说就是一道认可门槛。” 汉弗莱斯教授解释说，“ISO/IEC 27006之所以如此重要，是因为认证机构获得的认可提高了审核过程的可信度，同时也提高了他们认证资格的含金量。”

JTC1 ISO/IEC简介

JTC 1创立于1987年，是IEC 和 ISO为国际信息技术标准设立的联合技术委员会。目前，JTC 1下设20个分委员会、1个研究组和3个工作组，已经发布2800多个国际标准。JTC 1是一个以共识为基础，具有全球视野的非盈利国际标准机构。自1987年起，JTC 1为各个领域带去了一系列成功的信息通信技术（ICT）国际标准，包括IC卡（智能卡）技术、自动识别和数据获取（AIDC）技术、信息安全、生物识别技术、云计算、多媒体（MPEG）、数据库查询、计算机语言和字符集等。

Security toolbox protects organizations from cyber-attacks

Geneva, Switzerland, 2015-12-17 – Cyber-attacks are among the greatest risks an organization can face. Having standards and systems in place to keep information safe has therefore never been more important than in today’s digital world. This is why the ISO/IEC 27000 series on security techniques for information technology has been updated to provide organizations with that added value and confidence.

In a global survey conducted by ISACA in 129 countries, only 38 % of respondents felt they were prepared for a cyber-attack – even though 83 % believed these are among the top three threats facing organizations today. With so much personal and sensitive information being handled electronically, there is a lot at stake if it were to be compromised.

Prof. Edward Humphreys, convenor of ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee (JTC) 1 SC 27: IT security techniques, WG 1: Information security management systems (ISMS), emphasizes, “To ensure security in today’s digital landscape, all organizations, irrespective of size, should put in place a management framework as a starting point to manage cyber risks. ISO/IEC 27001 was designed to help organizations do just that. The Standard is the world’s ‘common language’ when it comes to assessing, treating and managing information-related risks.”

Below are the latest revisions and additions to the ISO/IEC 27000 series – all published in 2015 – which form part of the ISO/IEC 27001 “cyber risk toolbox”, to help keep these risks in check.

Protecting information in the cloud (ISO/IEC 27017)

A new code of practice for information security controls for cloud services, ISO/IEC 27017, has just been published. The cloud is one of the most widely used innovations in today’s fast-paced world of commerce and business. As the service gains currency, users are demanding assurances that data stored and processed in the cloud is safe. Because of its very nature, the marketplace for cloud services is global, with providers dispersed across wide geographical areas, and data is routinely transferred across national boundaries. International guidance is therefore key.

According to Satoru Yamasaki, one of editors who worked on the Standard, “ISO/IEC 27017 will help service providers come to a common understanding with their customers regarding adequate security controls and their implementation guidance. This International Standard for cloud security controls will facilitate the development and expansion of secure cloud computing systems.”

The new guidelines are the result of a joint initiative by the world’s main developers of International Standards – IEC, ISO, and ITU – to guarantee maximum outreach.

Integrated solutions for services (ISO/IEC 27013)

More organizations are choosing to combine an information security management system (ISO/IEC 27001) with a service management system (ISO/IEC 20000-1). An integrated system means an organization can efficiently manage the quality of its services, handle customer feedback and solve problems, while keeping information safe. ISO/IEC 27013 offers a systematic approach to facilitate the integration of an information security management system with a service management system, which results in lower implementation costs and avoids duplication efforts as only one audit, instead of two, is needed when seeking certification.

Inter-sector and inter-organizational communications (ISO/IEC 27010)

When an organization shares information with another organization, how can they be sure that their data will be kept safe? ISO/IEC 27010 is a sector-specific addition to the ISO/IEC 27000 toolbox, which guides the initiation, implementation, maintenance and improvement of information security in inter-organizational and inter-sector communications. It includes general principles on how to meet these requirements using established messaging and other technical methods. The Standard is expected to encourage the growth of global information-sharing communities.

As Dr. Mike Nash, an editor of ISO/IEC 27010, explains, “ISO/IEC 27010 basically customizes and applies ISO/IEC 27001 and ISO/IEC 27002 to communication between organizations. Having the Standard in place gives an organization confidence that the information it has shared with another organization will not be inadvertently disclosed.”

The Standard is particularly relevant for the protection of critical national infrastructure, where exchanging sensitive information securely is of utmost importance. It is also widely used by security incident response teams.

Detecting and preventing cyber-attacks (ISO/IEC 27039)

How can organizations detect and prevent cyber intrusions to their networks, systems and applications? Best practice shows that they have to be able to know when, if and how an intrusion into their network, system or application occurs. They should also be ready to identify what vulnerability was exploited and what controls should be implemented to prevent similar intrusions from taking place in the future. One way to do this is through an Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS).

ISO/IEC 27039 gives guidelines to prepare and deploy an IDPS, covering such crucial aspects as selection, deployment and operation. The Standard is particularly useful in today’s market where there are many commercially available and open-source IDPS products and services based on different technologies and approaches. ISO/IEC 27039 will guide organizations throughout the process.

Audit and certification (ISO/IEC 27006)

More and more organizations are turning to third-party certification audits to demonstrate that they have in place a solid information security management system (ISMS) that conforms to the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001. ISO/IEC 27006 gives the requirements that certification and registration bodies need to meet to be accredited, so they can offer ISO/IEC 27001 certification services.

“ISO/IEC 27006 is an accreditation benchmark for certification bodies that offer ISO/IEC 27001 services,” explains Prof. Humphreys, adding, “This is important because accreditation of certification bodies provides added confidence in the audit process and credibility in the certificate they award.”

About JTC1 ISO/IEC

JTC 1 is the Joint Technical Committee of IEC and ISO for International Information Technology Standards. Created in 1987, JTC 1 currently has 20 Subcommittees, one Study Group and three Working Groups. It has published more than 2800 International Standards. JTC 1 is a consensus-based, globally relevant, voluntary International Standards group. Since 1987, it has brought about a number of very successful and relevant information and communication technologies (ICT) International Standards in many fields: IC cards (smart cards), automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) technologies, information security, biometrics, cloud computing, multimedia (MPEG), database query and programming languages as well as character sets, to name just a few.

 

 

 

 

合理的价格

在日益价格意识的世界中，能够比较同等产品的价格以做出明智的选择是消费者的权利。但是面对商场货架上琳琅满目、包装和规格各不相同的产品，做出这一选择可不是件容易的事情。为了解决这个问题，正在制定一项旨在改进数量显示方式的ISO标准。

现如今，走进任意一家零售超市不亚于走进茂密的森林当中。相似的产品却有着不同的包装风格、产品重量和规格，这给比价带来重重困难。不过，消费者可通过对比商品的单位定价来衡量价格。一瓶250毫升的盒装牛奶售价1美元，因此，容量为一升的盒装牛奶售价应为四美元。不过单位定价制并未广泛应用于各行各业，而且即使有的商品标明了单位定价，要麽模糊不可辨识，要么与实际不符。因此，单位价格比对法并不很有效。

答案在于协调。 一个新的ISO项目委员会 – ISO / PC 294 – 刚刚建立，以制定单位定价标准。该项标准将确立单位定价的准则和原则，零售商和消费者均可获取和使用这一标准。本次我们特别邀请了单位定价指南项目委员会主席席约翰.费尔班克（John Furbank）先生，共同探讨单位定价法在市场上的地位以及新的标准如何促进该定价法应用于市场。

ISO关注

1、目前，单位定价法得到较广泛的应用，在某些国家，其已经成为法律或法规要求。那么，ISO为何要针对这一领域建立项目委员会呢？

 单位定价指南项目委员会主席席约翰.费尔班克（John Furbank）: 我们都知道，预先包装的物品的销售在全世界正在增加。许多零售连锁店跨国界运作，并使用相同的系统在所有商店中标价。因此，很多人认为，国际标准不仅能保证同一地区采用一致的标价方式，还能为政府或企业引入单位定价体系提供相关指导。

目前，单位定价的使用还不规范，有的国家强制使用，而有的国家则自愿使用。在有些国家，单位定价很少被使用，但在加拿大、美国等国家，使用单位定价是部分地区的法律规定。即使在一些使用单位定价的地区，消费者在比较过程中也存在一定的困难与不便，比如：单位定价与售价不符、商店内的价格信息不统一等，这些都容易给消费者造成困扰。

单位定价能帮助消费者选出性价比最高的商品，尤其当同一商品有不同规格的时候，举个例子：95克的金枪鱼罐头售价为1.99美元、145克售价2.75美元、185克售价3.69美元。

国际标准的价值体现在：它能为法律法规的制定提供最佳实践方面的指导；企业通过采用国际标准制定出更好的、便于使用的单位定价体系。

单位定价能帮助消费者通过比较同一品牌的商品或不同品牌的商品之间“单位数量的实际价格”，在知情的情况下做出购买决定，节省花销。另外，消费者省下来的钱还能用来购买更多的商品。

国际标准对那些已制定相关法规的国家也大有裨益，如欧盟国家、美国、澳大利亚等，因为零售商可以自愿采用部分标准来提高其单位定价的质量，同时也有助于完善现有法律规定或指南。

最后，标准还能让消费者了解如何有效使用单位定价，这也是目前消费者所不具备的能力。                                                        

2、单位定价标准化如何帮助消费者？零售商眼看单位定价需重新定义，消费者会否迎来价格的攀升？

制定标准是为了规范最佳实践，其主要通过明确以下几个准则来实现，一是公开标明产品的单位定价；二是设计手写、打印或电子的产品信息标签

帮助消费者看懂单位定价信息

将单位定价融入超市、五金店或药店等现有的标价体系中，所需成本并不高。因为单位定价模块可以嵌入现有的计价软件中，然后单位定价也可以通过商用打印机打印在货架标签上。

有证据表明，长期来看，消费者可以节省个人开支。我相信，若消费者知道哪一家商店或哪一种品牌的价格最低时，那么在买谷类、面粉、白糖等日用品时就能够省下一笔钱。当然，也有少部分消费者仍会选择自己中意的厂家或供应商生产的产品，哪怕价格会稍稍高一些。不过更重要的是，消费者可参考公布的价格信息，从而决定是否购买。例如，一般而言，大包洗衣粉能用两个礼拜，小包的可以用一礼拜，购买一袋大包装洗衣粉可能比买两袋小包装来的更划算，但如果没有单位定价这种衡量单位，二者则很难进行对比。

3、这项标准对零售店有何影响？其产生的“水滴效应”会给消费者带来哪些益处？

这项国际标准的目的是鼓励零售商在制定并执行其单位定价方案时，参照最佳实践方案。我相信，有效的单位定价体系能提升消费者对关心他们利益的商店的信任，从而增强零售商的竞争优势。反过来，该标准也能提升消费者满意度，提高商店声誉，塑造顾客至上、物美价廉的优良品牌形象。

此外，零售商还可参考该标准有关价签放置位置、能见性及布局等方面的指导，从而在制定相关体系时能降低设计和发发成本。便于查看的标价能够增强零售商店品牌的吸引力。

4、您觉得这项标准会被广大的消费者、零售商以及监管机构所接受吗？

各个国家甚至全球的消费维权组织都非常支持制定该项标准，例如，国际消费者协会就是ISO/PC 294的联络组织。这项标准会将促进商品贸易，加强零售商与消费者之间的互动，我相信监管机构和零售商都会充分认识到该标准的价值。

5、长远来看，您对这项标准有何看法？该标准会给行业带来哪些变化呢？

很多跨国零售连锁企业在不同国家或地区均有各自的门店，但不同地区和国家的门店采用的却是相同的定价体系。该标准鼓励连锁企业为不同国家或地区制定出符合当地实际的定价体系。如此一来，消费者可以对相邻两家商店的商品进行单位定价比较，而且这也加剧了商店间的竞争。

这项国际标准也将促进相关法律法规的完善，这对消费者和零售商而言都是有好处的。在有些已经具备相关法律法规的国家（如澳大利亚），该项标准能帮助弥补法律法规的不足之处，并完善价签内容、优化放置位置、提升可见性。另外，消费者还能通过该项标准学习如何正确使用这些信息。

反过来，对于有些还未采用单位定价体系的国家而言，该项标准能提供相应的指导，帮助他们制定出对消费者及零售商均有效实用的单位定价方案。

 

The price is right

In an increasingly price-conscious world, being able to compare prices of equivalent products in order to make an informed choice is a consumer right. But with the explosion of pre-packaged goods in different types of packaging and product sizes that has hit our shop shelves, making that choice is no easy task. To get around this, an ISO standard is being developed that aims to improve the way quantities are displayed.

The average retail store these days can sometimes feel like a jungle. Multiple types of packaging, different weights and volumes means comparing similar products on price can be a minefield. Unit pricing is one way that consumers can wade through the jungle by displaying the price of the product as a standard unit of measurement. A 250 ml carton of milk sold for USD 1, therefore, would be equivalent to a 1 l carton sold for USD 4. But unit pricing is not widespread, and where it exists, it is not always visible or consistent in terms of quantities used, making it ineffective.

The answer lies in harmonization. A new ISO project committee – ISO/PC 294 – has just been formed to develop a standard for unit pricing that will establish guidelines and principles of unit pricing, to make it accessible and useful for both retailers and consumers. We sit down with John Furbank, Chair of ISO/PC 294, Guidance on unit pricing, to discuss the status of unit pricing as it stands and how a new ISO standard can help.

ISOfocus: Unit pricing is already used quite widely and, in some countries, it is even a legal or regulatory requirement. Why, then, was it decided to develop an ISO project committee in this area?

John Furbank, Chair of ISO/PC 294,Guidance on unit pricing.

John Furbank: We know now that the sale of pre-packed items is increasing throughout the world. At the same time, many retail chains operate across national boundaries and use the same system for marking prices in all their stores. It was therefore agreed that an International Standard could result in displays that are consistent in a locality and provide guidance to governments or businesses wishing to introduce unit pricing regimes.

Currently, unit pricing is quite ad hoc, varying from legislative requirements to voluntary codes. In some countries, it is rarely present, while in others, such as Canada and the US, it is legislated in some states but not all. Where it does exist, activity can be uncoordinated or difficult for consumers to use, because, for example, the unit price is not adjacent to the sale price or the layout of information is not consistent throughout the store, making it difficult to read.

Unit pricing, then, will assist consumers in deciding which item is the best value for money, something that is difficult to do when, for example, tins of tuna are offered for sale at USD 1.99 for 95 g, USD 2.75 for 145 g or USD 3.69 for 185 g.

The value of an International Standard is that it can bring best practice guidance to the various codes and regulations and may be used by industry to develop better and more user-friendly unit pricing systems.

Unit pricing will assist consumers in making informed purchasing decisions and thus potentially save money by comparing the actual price per unit quantity of products that are of the same nature or between different brands. It is also suggested that consumers may, by saving on basic items, purchase more items knowing that they are still within budget.

In countries that have unit price legislation already, such as EU countries, the US and Australia, an International Standard will be beneficial because parts of the standard could be voluntarily adopted by retailers to enhance the quality of their unit pricing, thus acting as a catalyst for improving existing legislation/guidelines.

Last but not least, the standard could help educate consumers on how to use unit pricing effectively, which is currently lacking.

How will standardization of unit pricing help consumers? Will they risk a rise in prices as retailers see the adjustment of units being measured?

The objective of the standard is to establish best practice by defining principles for:

  • Displaying and disclosing the unit price of products
  • Designing labels and information material displayed by written, printed or electronic means
  • Educating consumers in the use of unit pricing

The cost of incorporating unit pricing into existing pricing display systems in supermarkets, hardware stores or pharmacies would be marginal because the unit pricing module may be added to existing software and incorporated in shelf labels printed on a normal commercial office printer.

Evidence suggests that consumers can save money over time, and I feel certain that there will at least be a reduction in price for basic commodities such as cereals, flour and sugar when consumers can clearly see which store or brand is the cheapest. Of course, some customers may still choose to buy the more expensive item if it is from their preferred manufacturer or supplier, but the important thing is that they will be presented with information that enables them to make an informed choice. A large pack of washing powder that will last two weeks, for example, may be a more economical option than buying a smaller pack each week, but this would be difficult to establish without unit pricing.

How will this impact retailers? And what trickle-down effects will consumers see?

The aim of the International Standard is to encourage retailers to use best practice when developing and maintaining a unit pricing scheme. I believe that providing better unit pricing gives retailers a competitive edge by encouraging consumers to have more trust in the store that shows it has their best interest at heart. This, in turn, helps boost customer satisfaction and improves the store’s reputation as being customer-focused and providing better value for money.

Moreover, retailers will be able to reduce design and research costs by developing a system using the standard’s guidance on positioning, visibility and configuration of labels. Displaying the unit price in a user-friendly manner may also promote the appeal of private store brands.

How do you see the future standard being received by retailers, regulators and consumers?

Consumer groups, locally and internationally, are very supportive of the standardʼs development (Consumers International is a liaison member of ISO/PC 294). I am confident that regulators and retailers will see the value of this standard if it provides, as intended, a practical method of encouraging good trading practices and, for retailers, a platform for consumer engagement.

What are your long-term expectations of the standard? What changes will it bring about in the industry, if any?

Many retail chains operate across national boundaries and use the same system for marking prices in all their stores wherever they are situated. The standard will encourage tailor-made systems for particular countries or areas so that consumers may easily compare the unit price of items in different, but adjacent, stores. This, in turn, could increase competition between stores.

Evidence suggests that consumers can save money over time.

It is my belief that the International Standard will promote the development of future regulatory requirements for unit pricing, which will be of benefit to both consumers and suppliers. In some countries, such as Australia, which have unit pricing regulations in place, the standard will help identify weaknesses and improve the layout, prominence and visibility of labels. What’s more, it will establish a pathway for educating consumers on how to use this information.

Conversely, in countries where unit pricing does not currently exist, the standard will provide a guide on what principles need to be applied to make any proposed unit pricing scheme useful for consumers and practical for retailers. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ISO和ASTM发布了其所制定的国际添加剂制造标准框架

国际标准组织（ ISO）和美国材料试验协会（ASTM）共同制定了国际添加剂制造标准发展结构，随着添加剂制造领域快速发展，这一标准将更好地满足新技术标准的需求。添加剂制造（AM），又称3D打印，该工艺将材料一层一层地叠加，与传统的“减法式制造”方法如机器制造截然不同。

这一新标准框架将有助于：
•指导AM标准化过程中全球专家和标准制定组织的工作;
•确定AM行业中标准相关的差距和需求;
•防止AM标准开发中出现重复工作;
•确保AM标准之间的衔接良好;
•优先考虑AM标准领域;
•提高AM集团中制造商、企业家、消费者和其他相关人员的可用性和接受度。

基于本标准框架，行业标准可从三个层次发展完善：
•一般标准（如概念、通用要求、指导和安全）;
•广泛类别的材料（如金属粉末）或工艺（如粉末床熔合）;
•特定材料（如铝合金粉末）、工艺（如与ABS填充材料）或应用材料（如航空航天、医疗、汽车）的专门标准。

MET-L-FLO公司总裁兼ASTM添加剂制造技术（F42）国际委员会主席Carl Dekker表示：“这一标准将促使世界各地的行业专家更方便高效地交流，从而加速实现新技术集成和应用。未来，这一标准将带来更多好处，如实现人力资源统一培训，更加关注产品质量的持续改进，而非过分关注产品规格的潜在误解。

7月份在东京举行的会议上，这一标准框架通过了F42和ISO / TC 261标准。这表明，五年前两个全球权威标准制定组织之间签署的《合作伙伴标准制定组织》协议取得了进展。在创建本标准文档时，两个组织分别审查了标准的过去和现状，以及标准的计划开发工作。

新标准框架不限制任何标准组织的工作范围，仅提供可满足大多数标准需求的框架。目前正在制定一个平行指导文件，配合这一标准框架发行。

该框架是合作伙伴标准制定组织（PSDO）合作协议的一部分，这一协议于2011年由ISO和ASTM的理事机构与ISO成员机构（ASTM在其中拥有法定席位（ANSI））协商批准通过。

 

ISO and ASTM International unveil framework for creating global additive manufacturing standards

ISO and ASTM International have jointly crafted the Additive Manufacturing Standards Development Structure, a framework which will help meet the needs for new technical standards in this fast-growing field. Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, is the process of joining materials layer upon layer, as opposed to "subtractive manufacturing" methods such as machining.

The new structure will help:

  • guide the work of global experts and standards development organizations involved in AM standardization;
  • identify standards-related gaps and needs in the AM industry;
  • prevent overlap and duplicative efforts in AM standards development;
  • ensure cohesion among AM standards;
  • prioritize AM standards areas; and,
  • improve usability and acceptance among the AM community, including manufacturers, entrepreneurs, consumers, and others.

Based on this structure, standards can be developed at three levels:

  • general standards (e.gs., concepts, common requirements, guides, safety);
  • standards for broad categories of materials (e.g. metal powders) or processes (e.g. powder bed fusion); and,
  • specialized standards for a specific material (e.g. aluminum alloy powders), process (e.g. material extrusion with ABS), or application (e.gs, aerospace, medical, automotive).

“This structure will help experts worldwide interact in a more streamlined and meaningful way, leading to the integration and application of new technologies at an accelerated rate,” said Carl Dekker, president of MET-L-FLO Inc., and chair of ASTM International’s committee on additive manufacturing technologies (F42). “In the future, we could see even more benefits, such as uniform workforce training and a stronger ability to focus on constant quality improvement rather than potential confusion surrounding specifications.”

This structure was jointly approved by F42 and ISO/TC 261 after a July meeting in Tokyo. This reflects progress under the Partner Standards Developing Organization agreement signed five years ago between the two globally-respected standards development organizations. In creating this document, both groups reviewed past, existing, and planned standards development efforts.

The new structure does not confine the scope of work for any standards organization but provides a framework in which the majority of standards needs can be met. A companion guidance document is also being developed to accompany this structure.

This framework is part of the Partner Standards Development Organization (PSDO) cooperation agreement that was approved in 2011 by the respective governing bodies of ISO and ASTM in consultation with the ISO national member body where ASTM has its legal seat (ANSI).

 

英国地产建设集团获得BSI认可的BIM计划

  • 英国地产建设集团（以下简称“Keir集团”） 获得“PAS 1192-2建筑项目资金/交付信息管理”的认证，涉及范围包括BIM Level 2的设计和建筑。Kier集团成功取得BSI认证，是在2016年10月扩大目标前，需要对来自供应链提供的所有BIM数据都进行电子化认证。
  • Kier集团与许多知名承包商共同合作，包括英国的VolkerFitzpatrick工程公司、美国柏克德（Bechtel）工程公司、英国BAM Construct公司，以及一系列分包商、设计师和供应链。

BIM Level 2在协同环境中共享数字化面向对象信息，为英国建筑业提供了一个绝佳的机会。BSI针对设计和施工阶段的计划能够使组织机构证明，他们有能力运用建筑信息模型（BIM）完成公共工程和私人工程项目。

为了从BSI获得BIM能力认可，承包商必须通过BSI的独立评定以表明他们符合PAS 1192-2标准的各项要求。评估定包括现场审核，审核PAS 1192-2全过程中各个流程的文件记录。同时还要评定员工能力，以及承包商是否符合BS 1192和BS1192-4标准。PAS 1192-2认证是BSI为支持BIM Level 2而制定的系列标准中的第一项标准。

Kier 集团的BIM高级经理安迪.鲍特（Andy Boutle）说：“我们将此次认证成功视为公司的里程碑事件，这标志着我们从此踏上数字建设之路。我们会再接再厉，努力在BIM和其他数字技术中保持领先地位。”

“认证过程中最重要的是我们自己的标准受到了挑战，我们需要着重关注对公司最有益的标准，以及如何改善供应链让客户满意。”

“预审时一看到工业协会提供的一级承包商评估标准，我们就知道此次任务艰巨，工业协会尤其关注需要仔细审核的主要领域，这样为我们达到BIM Level 2打下了很好的基础。”

Kier集团的BIM总监安迪.莱德利（Andy Radley）说：“因为有高级领导团队的投资、信任和支持，我们才能成功取得BIM Level 2的施工设计认证。未来我们的数字化建设灵感离不开BIM的帮助，也离不开我们BIM团队一直以来的热情参与和努力奉献。”

BSI的建筑环境产品认证主任安迪.巴特菲尔德（Andy Butterfield）评论道：“我们很高兴授予Kier集团BIM Level 2施工与设计的PAS1192-2标准认证。这证明了Kier集团严格把控各项程序流程，在设计和施工过程中有能力使用BIM。”

“评定的重要一点是为了证明组织机构的资源能力，以及各项系统程序的健康运转。评定能够确保像Kier集团的这类机构在建设工程时能有效使用BIM。”

PAS 1192-2标准制定时参考了著名工业专家的意见。以协商一致为基础的标准规定了BIM项目中如何共享信息，同时列出了BIM Level 2的设计和施工要求。此项标准为行业协议提出了建议，挑战了项目权威，提升了各方工作流程中的一致性和透明度。PAS 1192-2是一系列标准中的一项，旨在通过减少浪费和增进合作实现降低成本、提高效率。

 

Kier verified by BSI to BIM scheme

Kier Construction achieves Verification Certification to PAS 1192-2 covering Design and Construction for Level 2 BIM

BSI, the business standards company, has verified Kier Construction to its BIM scheme for PAS 1192-2 Information management for the capital/delivery phase of construction projects. Kier has achieved verification from BSI, ahead of the likely October 2016 stretch target which requires all BIM data delivered from the supply chain to be electronically validated.

Kier joins several main contractors including VolkerFitzpatrick, Bechtel and BAM Construct UK, as well as a number of subcontractors, designers and their supply chain.

BIM Level 2 represents a significant opportunity for the UK construction industry which uses digital object-oriented information shared in a collaborative environment. BSI’s scheme for the design and construction phase enables organizations to provide evidence that they have the capability to deliver both private and public projects using Building Information Modelling (BIM).

In order to achieve verification from BSI of their BIM capability, contractors have to demonstrate that they adhere to the requirements of the PAS 1192-2 standard through an independent assessment by BSI. The assessment involves an onsite audit which will assess the documented procedures and systems for all processes in PAS 1192-2, which also includes compliance with BS 1192 and BS 1192-4, and the competency of staff. BSI verification certification for PAS 1192-2 is the first in a series of solutions BSI has developed in order to support BIM Level 2.

Andy Boutle, Senior BIM Manager, Kier Construction said: “We see this certification as a milestone for our entire business – it marks the start of our journey into digital construction and we plan to continue to build upon this success in order to remain ahead of the curve when it comes to BIM and other digital technologies.

“During the verification process, it was important to challenge our own standards and focus on what is most important for our business, how we could make improvements within our supply chain and ultimately deliver what our clients need.

“When we first reviewed the assessment criteria that BSI provided pre-audit (specifically for Tier 1 Contractors), we knew that this would be an extensive task, however BSI focused on the key areas that needed to be scrutinised in order to provide the very best foundation for us to achieve BIM Level 2 as a business.” 

Andy Radley, Group BIM Director, Kier Group, said: “Our success in achieving the standards required to receive the BIM Level 2 for Construction and Design certification is a testament to the investment, belief and support we have received from our senior leadership team. Our future digital aspirations, part of which is a fully integrated BIM offering, cannot be realised without the ongoing efforts of our engaged, enthusiastic and committed BIM team who were instrumental in this process.” 

Andy Butterfield, Product Certification Director of Built Environment at BSI commented: “We are pleased to have presented Kier with certification against PAS 1192-2 for BIM Level 2 for Construction and Design. This is testament to the processes and systems Kier have embedded in order to demonstrate their capability of using BIM in the design and construction of projects. 

“An important part of the assessment is for organizations to demonstrate the competence of their resources, as well as the robustness of systems and processes. This helps to ensure that organizations, such as Kier, are well positioned in delivering services to the construction sector using BIM.” 

PAS 1192-2 was designed with input from influential industry experts. The consensus-based standard sets out how to share information on BIM projects and lists the requirements for Design and Construction BIM Level 2. It makes recommendations for the adoption of industry conventions, challenges project complacency and promotes consistency and transparency of work processes between parties. PAS 1192-2 is one of the series of standards designed to drive cost savings and efficiencies through waste reduction and improved collaboration. 

 

 

 

 

用太阳光制作能量混合物

夏天来了，通过太阳能光伏发电系统，吸水性太阳能电池板可以将太阳光制作成能量混合物。太阳能光伏发电系统是一种通过光伏提供可用太阳能的发电系统，即使用一系列部件将光能转化成电能，这些部件包括太阳能电池板，用以收集太阳能并将其转化为电能。

一、国家鼓励使用可再生能源

目前，不仅在欧洲，全球范围内，光伏模块的需求量都有所增加，其原因主要归结为国家提出奖励措施，鼓励使用可再生能源发电。欧洲标准认为太阳能光伏发电系统性价比高，是一种重要的生成替代能源的来源。

制定的下列标准是用于所有地面用晶体硅光伏模块（crystalline silicon terrestrial flat plate modules），地面用晶体硅光伏模块是商用主要模块。

1、EN 61215-1-1:2016，‘地面光伏模块（Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules）—设计确认与型式认证—第1-1部分：测试光伏模块晶体硅的特殊要求’，确定了耐用地面光伏模块的设计确认与型式要求。同时，该标准还确定了光伏模块的电特性和热特性，保证其在各种气候下能长时间工作。

2、EN 61215-1-1:2016与EN 61215-1:2016，‘地面光伏模块（Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules）—设计确认与型式认证—第1部分：测试要求’，以及EN 61215-2:2016 ，‘地面光伏模块（Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules）—设计确认与型式认证—第2部分：测试程序’，将替换之前的标准：EN 61215:2005，‘地面用晶体硅光伏模块—设计确认与型式认证’。

3、EN 62788-1-2:2016，‘光伏模块使用材料的测量步骤——第1-2部分：密封材料—光伏密封材料及其他聚合材料的体积电阻率测量’为测量光伏模块中的密封、边封、前板、背板或其他绝缘材料提供了方法和指导方针。

二、与IEC联盟与合作

以上这两项新标准是等同采用IEC 61215-1-1:2016和 IEC 62788-1-2:2016。P它们是由CENELEC/TC 82 ‘太阳能光伏发电系统负责，该技术委员会与IEC/TC 82 ‘太阳能光伏发电系统’具有合作关系。

截止到2016年6月24日，CENELEC的33国家电工委员会成员可以获得这些标准，并将于2017年1月开始实施。

 

Making an energy cocktail with sun rays

Summer is here and thirsty solar panels can make an energy cocktail with sun rays thanks to the solar photovoltaic energy system. A solar photovoltaic energy system is a power system designed to supply usable solar power by means of photovoltaics, the conversion of light into electricity using an arrangement of several components, including solar panels to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity.

National incentives, renewable energy sources

These days, not only in Europe but globally, there is an increased demand for photovoltaic modules, largely due to national incentives which encourage electricity production from renewable energy sources. European Standards support the solar photovoltaic energy systems to be cost effective and an important source of alternate energy generation for utilities.
The following standards were developed to be applied to all crystalline silicon terrestrial flat plate modules, being the dominant plate used commercially.

EN 61215-1-1:2016, ‘Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval – Part 1-1: Special requirements for testing of crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) Modules’, identifies requirements for durable terrestrial photovoltaic modules in terms of the design qualification and type. It also determines electrical and thermal characteristics of a photovoltaic module which can endure lengthy exposure in varied climates.

EN 61215-1-1:2016 together with EN 61215-1:2016, ‘Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval – Part 1: Test requirements’, and EN 61215-2:2016, ‘Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval – Part 2: Test procedures’, will replace the previous standard, EN 61215:2005, ‘Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval’.

EN 62788-1-2:2016, ‘Measurement procedures for materials used in photovoltaic modules – Part 1-2: Encapsulants – Measurement of volume resistivity of photovoltaic encapsulants and other polymeric materials’, provides a method and guidelines for measuring the volume resistivity of materials used as encapsulation, edge seals, front-sheets, backsheets, or any other insulating material in a photovoltaic (PV) module.

Alignment and cooperation with IEC

These two new standards are identical to the IEC 61215-1-1:2016 and IEC 62788-1-2:2016. The standards were supervised by CENELEC/TECHNICAL COMMITTEE 82 ‘Solar photovoltaic energy systems’, in the frame of cooperation with International Electrotechnical Commission/Technical Committee 82 ‘Solar photovoltaic energy systems’. 
As of 24 June 2016, these standards were made available to 33 National Electrotechnical Committees – Members of CENELEC – for implementation by January 2017.

For more information CENELEC’s work on solar photovoltaic energy system

 

 

用太阳光制作能量混合物

夏天来了，通过太阳能光伏发电系统，吸水性太阳能电池板可以将太阳光制作成能量混合物。太阳能光伏发电系统是一种通过光伏提供可用太阳能的发电系统，即使用一系列部件将光能转化成电能，这些部件包括太阳能电池板，用以收集太阳能并将其转化为电能。

一、国家鼓励使用可再生能源

目前，不仅在欧洲，全球范围内，光伏模块的需求量都有所增加，其原因主要归结为国家提出奖励措施，鼓励使用可再生能源发电。欧洲标准认为太阳能光伏发电系统性价比高，是一种重要的生成替代能源的来源。

制定的下列标准是用于所有地面用晶体硅光伏模块（crystalline silicon terrestrial flat plate modules），地面用晶体硅光伏模块是商用主要模块。

1、EN 61215-1-1:2016，‘地面光伏模块（Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules）—设计确认与型式认证—第1-1部分：测试光伏模块晶体硅的特殊要求’，确定了耐用地面光伏模块的设计确认与型式要求。同时，该标准还确定了光伏模块的电特性和热特性，保证其在各种气候下能长时间工作。

2、EN 61215-1-1:2016与EN 61215-1:2016，‘地面光伏模块（Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules）—设计确认与型式认证—第1部分：测试要求’，以及EN 61215-2:2016 ，‘地面光伏模块（Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules）—设计确认与型式认证—第2部分：测试程序’，将替换之前的标准：EN 61215:2005，‘地面用晶体硅光伏模块—设计确认与型式认证’。

3、EN 62788-1-2:2016，‘光伏模块使用材料的测量步骤——第1-2部分：密封材料—光伏密封材料及其他聚合材料的体积电阻率测量’为测量光伏模块中的密封、边封、前板、背板或其他绝缘材料提供了方法和指导方针。

二、与IEC联盟与合作

以上这两项新标准是等同采用IEC 61215-1-1:2016和 IEC 62788-1-2:2016。P它们是由CENELEC/TC 82 ‘太阳能光伏发电系统负责，该技术委员会与IEC/TC 82 ‘太阳能光伏发电系统’具有合作关系。

截止到2016年6月24日，CENELEC的33国家电工委员会成员可以获得这些标准，并将于2017年1月开始实施。

 

Making an energy cocktail with sun rays

Summer is here and thirsty solar panels can make an energy cocktail with sun rays thanks to the solar photovoltaic energy system. A solar photovoltaic energy system is a power system designed to supply usable solar power by means of photovoltaics, the conversion of light into electricity using an arrangement of several components, including solar panels to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity.

National incentives, renewable energy sources

These days, not only in Europe but globally, there is an increased demand for photovoltaic modules, largely due to national incentives which encourage electricity production from renewable energy sources. European Standards support the solar photovoltaic energy systems to be cost effective and an important source of alternate energy generation for utilities.
The following standards were developed to be applied to all crystalline silicon terrestrial flat plate modules, being the dominant plate used commercially.

EN 61215-1-1:2016, ‘Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval – Part 1-1: Special requirements for testing of crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) Modules’, identifies requirements for durable terrestrial photovoltaic modules in terms of the design qualification and type. It also determines electrical and thermal characteristics of a photovoltaic module which can endure lengthy exposure in varied climates.

EN 61215-1-1:2016 together with EN 61215-1:2016, ‘Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval – Part 1: Test requirements’, and EN 61215-2:2016, ‘Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval – Part 2: Test procedures’, will replace the previous standard, EN 61215:2005, ‘Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval’.

EN 62788-1-2:2016, ‘Measurement procedures for materials used in photovoltaic modules – Part 1-2: Encapsulants – Measurement of volume resistivity of photovoltaic encapsulants and other polymeric materials’, provides a method and guidelines for measuring the volume resistivity of materials used as encapsulation, edge seals, front-sheets, backsheets, or any other insulating material in a photovoltaic (PV) module.

Alignment and cooperation with IEC

These two new standards are identical to the IEC 61215-1-1:2016 and IEC 62788-1-2:2016. The standards were supervised by CENELEC/TECHNICAL COMMITTEE 82 ‘Solar photovoltaic energy systems’, in the frame of cooperation with International Electrotechnical Commission/Technical Committee 82 ‘Solar photovoltaic energy systems’. 
As of 24 June 2016, these standards were made available to 33 National Electrotechnical Committees – Members of CENELEC – for implementation by January 2017.

For more information CENELEC’s work on solar photovoltaic energy system

 

 

CEN拟对殡葬服务标准进行了修订

CEN殡葬服务技术委员会(CEN/TC 448)将对EN15017进行修订,旨在为殡葬业服务提出要求.

EN15017 “殡葬服务—要求”这项标准的第一版是由CEN于2005年批准并颁布，在过去的11年中，殡葬服务业发展迅速，因此现在有必要对此项标准进行复审和修订.

在奥地利标准协会（ASI）的提议下,CEN技术局决定建立一个新的CEN殡葬服务技术委员会.

这个新的技术委员会(CEN/TC448)的职责是修订EN15017，使之与殡仪服务业当前最新发展保持一致。具体需要解决的问题包括各类相关服务，例如跨境运输亡者遗体和相应储存要求，火葬服务和保证殡葬服务质量的设备。

CEN/TC的秘书处由ASI承担，ASI拟于2016年6月9日至10日召开新技术委员会的首次会议。

 

European Standard for funeral services gets a second life 

A new CEN Technical Committee on Funeral Services (CEN/TC 448) will develop a revised edition of the European Standard EN 15017, which sets out requirements for the provision of funeral services.

The first edition of the European Standard EN 15017 'Funeral Services – Requirements' was approved and published by CEN in 2005. During the last 11 years, there have been significant developments in the delivery of funeral services, and therefore it is necessary to review and revise this standard.

Following a proposal from the Austrian Standards Institute (ASI), the CEN Technical Board has decided to create a new CEN Technical Committee on Funeral Services.

The role of this new Technical Committee (CEN/TC 448) is to revise EN 15017 and align it with the current state of the art in the funeral services sector. Specific aspects to be addressed include provisions relating to the cross-border transport of deceased persons, storage requirements, provisions for cremation services and equipment needed for good funeral service provision.
The Secretariat of CEN/TC 448 is provided by ASI, which will host the first meeting of the new Technical Committee on 9 and 10 June 2016.

 

 

CEN拟对殡葬服务标准进行了修订

CEN殡葬服务技术委员会(CEN/TC 448)将对EN15017进行修订,旨在为殡葬业服务提出要求.

EN15017 “殡葬服务—要求”这项标准的第一版是由CEN于2005年批准并颁布，在过去的11年中，殡葬服务业发展迅速，因此现在有必要对此项标准进行复审和修订.

在奥地利标准协会（ASI）的提议下,CEN技术局决定建立一个新的CEN殡葬服务技术委员会.

这个新的技术委员会(CEN/TC448)的职责是修订EN15017，使之与殡仪服务业当前最新发展保持一致。具体需要解决的问题包括各类相关服务，例如跨境运输亡者遗体和相应储存要求，火葬服务和保证殡葬服务质量的设备。

CEN/TC的秘书处由ASI承担，ASI拟于2016年6月9日至10日召开新技术委员会的首次会议。

 

European Standard for funeral services gets a second life 

A new CEN Technical Committee on Funeral Services (CEN/TC 448) will develop a revised edition of the European Standard EN 15017, which sets out requirements for the provision of funeral services.

The first edition of the European Standard EN 15017 'Funeral Services – Requirements' was approved and published by CEN in 2005. During the last 11 years, there have been significant developments in the delivery of funeral services, and therefore it is necessary to review and revise this standard.

Following a proposal from the Austrian Standards Institute (ASI), the CEN Technical Board has decided to create a new CEN Technical Committee on Funeral Services.

The role of this new Technical Committee (CEN/TC 448) is to revise EN 15017 and align it with the current state of the art in the funeral services sector. Specific aspects to be addressed include provisions relating to the cross-border transport of deceased persons, storage requirements, provisions for cremation services and equipment needed for good funeral service provision.
The Secretariat of CEN/TC 448 is provided by ASI, which will host the first meeting of the new Technical Committee on 9 and 10 June 2016.

 

 

美国旨在改进美国通信架构的新国家标准获得批准

由美国国家标准协会（ANSI）于2016年8月批准了两项新新标准：ANSI/TIA-322，加载准则，安装相关的分析和设计，通信结构的变更与维护及.ANSI/ASSE A10.48，施工安全，通信结构的拆除、修改和维护标准是由ANSI认可的成员–美国电信工业协会（TIA）和美国安全工程师协会（ASSE）制定的，这两项标准将推动工程师和承包商在通信塔施工规划和评估方面的交流，并有助于保护通信塔行业的劳动者。

这两项新标准是基于一项共同的标准TIA – 1019标准。该项标准是于2012年首次发布的，该项标准涉及了天线支撑结构和天线的安装、改造和维护。

通过ASSE，TIA的通力合作，使得TIA-1019-A在建设方案和执行方面适用于两种不同的观众。TIA-1019-A的一部分变成了新的TIA-322标准，其他的变成了ANSI/ASSE A10.48标准。负责制定标准的TIA和ASSE委员会通力合作，以确保标准同步发展、互为补充。

 

 

更安全的人行道

一项新的ASTM国际标准将使人行道对于轮椅用户来说更安全、更舒适。这项标准ASTM E3028，是从纵向剖面测量道路粗糙度指数的标准，给出了一种方法来收集和分析人行道数据从而确定其不平程度。该项标准是由ASTM E17车道系统委员会提出的，得到了若干组织包括美国无障碍通报委员会的支持。

道路不平会让坐轮椅的人不舒服或者给他们带来危险，也同样会给手推婴儿车，邮递员用手推三轮车，轮式扶车带来不便。

ASTM成员乔恩.珀罗曼博士透露：这项新标准会从不同方面发挥作用。“从商业角度来看，这项标准有利于轮椅使用人数的增加。”珀罗曼说。珀罗曼是科学咨询委员会主席，道路可行方案公司的联合创办人，还是匹兹堡大学康复科学和技术系的副教授。珀罗曼博士说他跟美国通行委员会和交通部一起努力，要把这项标准写入未来《美国残疾人法案公共权力准则》。

 

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