标准20252017年是国际标准化组织（ISO）70周年纪念日！ISO的故事始于1946年，来自25个国家的代表齐聚伦敦商讨标准化的未来。一年后的1947年2月23日，ISO正式成立。战后时期，创始成员将国际标准视为全球重建工作的关键。
早在1947年，这一新兴组织的目的是推动其成员团体制定标准，并开展协调和统一，所有成员都是各国家的国家标准化机构。创始人明确将此机构对每个有意加入的国家开放，给予同等权利，遵守平等义务。
这些创立初期的原则仍旧保持着， ISO成员已发展到包括来自世界上几乎每个国家，目前成员已多达163个。标准化已取得了很大进展，ISO国际标准目前几乎覆盖了科技与商业领域的所有方面，将继续在不断变化的世界中积极改变。
一、迈出第一步
ISO成立后，在螺纹、海洋技术、食品、纺织、油漆和实验室设备等具体技术领域建立了67个专家组（称为技术委员会），负责制定国际标准，这促成了1951年的第一项ISO标准（在那时被称为“建议”）—ISO/R 1:1951，工业长度测量标准参考温度。自那时起，ISO标准数量不断增加，目前已超过了22000项标准，支持在世界上所有关键技术、环境及社会变化。
ISO主席张小刚博士指出：“70年来，ISO制定了塑造了我们历史的标准，并伴随着世界最伟大的革新。从航空航天或汽车制造业的材料、部件及设备的标准化到环境污染的测量，从建立管理体系到保证供应链中食品的安全，为人机交互作用创建了指南，国际化标准的需求一直随着工业和社会的需求而改变。”
二、不断发展
多年来，ISO一直致力于努力扩大利益相关者的范围，将不同的受众群体引到标准化中来，比如消费者及发展中国家。20世纪50年代，我们见证了一批来自发展中国家的新成员加入了ISO。为满足这些成员的需求，ISO于1961年针对发展中国家的问题成立了ISO发展中国家事务委员会（ISO/DEVCO），帮助他们充分利用标准制定工作。今天，四分之三的ISO成员都来自发展中国家。
帮助提升消费者满意度及安全性是标准的另一重要作用。因此，将消费者的观点纳入标准制定中至关重要，因为这些来自真实生活的观点有助于确保诸如安全和质量问题得以充分解决。1978年，消费者政策委员会的成立支持了消费者杠杆的重要性，该委员会如今被正式称为ISO消费者政策委员会（ISO/COPOLCO），旨在促进和鼓励对消费者对标准的兴趣。
有效和广泛的利益相关者参与对于保持国际标准的相关性至关重要。为了保证标准与革新间的密切关系，ISO与许多全球及区域组织建立了合作关系，包括与国际电工委员会（IEC）和国际电信联盟（ITU）的合作，ISO还与700多个与标准相关领域的国际组织建立了关系。此外，全球大小型企业、管理机构及政府也为ISO的正常运行奠定了基础。
三、未来的挑战
张博士称：“70年来，ISO已制定了许多推动工业发展、促进全球商业及提高健康、安全和环境的标准。但这只是个开始。”
“对于未来，很明确的一点是世界将面临许多打破国家边界的挑战。气候变化、水资源短缺、网络安全及大规模的迁移只是我们当今面对问题的一部分，而它们都需要国际间的协调行动。”
大多数这些挑战已经包含在17个可持续发展目标（SDGs）中，联合国将SDGs采纳为2030年可持续发展议程中的一部分。SDGs启动于2015年，它将确立接下来15年的远大目标，并帮助整合国际行动，以结束贫困、保护地球、确保全面繁荣。
“ISO已制定许多能够帮助组织及企业落实这些议程的标准，”ISO主席说道，“我们已做好准备，提供有效的工具，以帮助全球各类机构迎接挑战，创造更好的世界。”标准化的未来一片光明。
ISO celebrates 70 years
2017 is ISO's 70th anniversary! The ISO story began in 1946 when delegates from 25 countries gathered in London to discuss the future of standardization. A year later, on 23 February 1947, ISO officially came into existence. In this post-war era, the founding members saw International Standards as a key to the world's reconstruction efforts.
Back in 1947, the purpose of the fledgling organization was to facilitate the coordination and unification of standards developed by its member bodies, all of which were national standardization entities in their respective countries. The founders decided that the organization would be open to every country wanting to collaborate – with equal rights and equal duties.
These founding principles still hold true today and the ISO family has blossomed to include 163* members from almost every country in the world. Standardization has come a long way and ISO International Standards, which now cover almost all aspects of technology and business, will continue to ensure positive change in an evolving world.
The first steps
Following the creation of the organization, 67 groups of experts (called technical committees) were set up in specific technical fields such as screw threads, marine technology, food, textiles, paints and laboratory equipment with a mandate to develop International Standards. This led to the birth, in 1951, of the first ISO standard (called “Recommendations” at the time) -ISO/R 1:1951, Standard reference temperature for industrial length measurements. Since then, the ISO portfolio has expanded to include over 22 000 standards supporting all the important technological, environmental and social changes that have taken place in the world.
“For 70 years, ISO has made standards that have shaped our history and accompanied the world’s greatest innovations. From the standardization of materials, components and equipment for the aerospace or automotive industry to the measurement of environmental pollutants, from establishing a management system to ensure food safety in the supply chain to creating guidelines for human-robot interaction, the need for international standardization has always evolved with the needs of industry and society,” says ISO President Dr Zhang Xiaogang.
Expanding the community
ISO has worked hard over the years to broaden its circle of stakeholders, bringing different audiences to standardization, such as consumers or developing countries. The 1950s saw a number of new ISO member bodies join the organization from the developing world. To respond to these members’ needs, ISO set up in 1961 the ISO Committee for developing country matters (ISO/DEVCO), which helps them get the most out of standards development work. Today, three-quarters of ISO’s members are from developing countries.
Helping to improve the satisfaction and safety of consumers is another vital role of standards. Integrating their views in standards development is therefore essential because these real-life perspectives help ensure that issues such as safety and quality are adequately addressed. The importance of consumer leverage was endorsed by the creation, in 1978, of a Council Committee on Consumer Policy, now officially known as the ISO Committee on consumer policy (ISO/COPOLCO), to promote and encourage consumer interests in standards.
Effective and wide-reaching stakeholder engagement is essential in maintaining the relevance of International Standards. To ensure a strong relationship between standards and innovation, ISO has built collaborative ties with a network of global and regional organizations, including a partnership with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), and has forged links with over 700 international organizations working in fields related to standardization. Furthermore, the contribution of large and small businesses, regulatory authorities and governments throughout the world is fundamental to the proper functioning of ISO.
Challenges for the future
"For the past 70 years, ISO has developed standards that drive industrial progress, promote global commerce and improve health, safety and the environment. But this is just the beginning", says Dr Zhang.
“Looking to the future, it is clear that our world faces many challenges that cut across national borders. Climate change, water scarcity, cyber security and large-scale migration are just some of the issues we face today that require integrated, international action.”
Many of these challenges have been included in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the United Nations as part of their 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Launched in 2015, the SDGs set ambitious targets for the next 15 years and will help concentrate international action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure prosperity for all.
“The ISO community has many standards that can help organizations and companies address this agenda,” says the ISO President. “We are ready to provide efficient tools to help the different communities worldwide face up to these challenges and shape a better world.” The future of standardization is promising.