标准2025地震时起重机会带来危险吗？ISO拟出台的一项用于地震活跃带起重机的新标准将保证起重机不会带来危险。
我们对于凌驾于城市上空的起重机并不陌生，但如何能保证地震时起重机不会轰然倒塌？
ISO 11031这项新标准可以用于计算地震荷载，并据此为地震活跃带专用起重机和抗震起重机定制设计原理。
Klaus PokornyJ是ISO负责起重机设计原则和要求分技术委员会秘书，他指出， “为了确保起重机安全，首先我们需要计算地震荷载，看看起重机在中等到高强度地震的反应。然后运用设计极限状态，一般分为两种形式：正常使用极限和终极极限。”
“正常使用极限状态（SLS）确保起重机在工作中能承受中度地震的地面运动，并且能一如既往地工作。终极极限状态（ULS）要求起重机在高强度地震的地面运动中不至于倒塌，悬移质（起重机吊在半空的部分）或者其他部件不会掉落或者伤害路人、操作员和工人。” Klaus PokornyJ补充说。
“评估需要把起重机所在地的震况及地表状况考虑在内。同样重要的是要考虑如何使用起重机以及地震损害可能引发的危险。”，Klaus PokornyJ说。
“ISO 11031标准不仅会增强产业的信心，还提供了易于理解的科技语言，因此，制造商、操作者及所有者不论身处何方都可以相互充分理解，这是对全球贸易的一大推动。”，波科尔尼总结道。
ISO 11031是应日本的要求而制定的。1995年神户地震之后，日本把这一要求提上日程，希望形成一项标准来确保起重机抗震。制定这一标准的分技术委员会的秘书处是由德国标准协会承担的。
Earthquake-resistant cranes with new ISO standard
Do cranes pose a risk during earthquakes? A new ISO standard for cranes used in seismically active regions will make sure they don’t.
We are no strangers to cranes towering over our city landscapes, but how can we ensure they will not collapse when an earthquake strikes?
The new ISO 11031 can be used to calculate seismic loads, and sets out design principles for cranes destined to work in seismically active regions and for cranes required to be seismically resistant.
Klaus Pokorny, Secretary of the ISO subcommittee working on design principles and requirements for cranes, explains: “To make sure that cranes are safe, we first need to calculate the seismic loads that show how a crane will respond in moderate to severe earthquakes. Then you can use design limit states provided in two forms: serviceability limit and ultimate limit.”
“The serviceability limit state (SLS) ensures that the crane can withstand the effects of moderate earthquake ground motions throughout its service lifetime and continue to operate as intended. The ultimate limit state (ULS) requires that the crane structure should not collapse during severe earthquake ground motions, and that the suspended load or any other part of the crane should not fall or harm the public, operators and workers,” adds Pokorny.
“Any evaluation should take into account the regional seismic conditions as well as the ground surface conditions at the crane location. It’s also important to consider how the crane will be used and any risks that could result from seismic damage,” notes Pokorny.
“Not only will ISO 11031 add a layer of confidence to the industry, it also provides a common technical language so that manufacturers, users and owners understand each other clearly, no matter where they are – a boost for global trade,” concludes Pokorny.
ISO 11031 was developed at the request of Japan who, following the 1995 earthquake in Kobe, emphasized the need for a standard to ensure seismic-resistant cranes. The secretariat of the subcommittee that developed the standard is held by DIN, the ISO member for Germany.