比特和字节的正确符号是什么?你如何能准确测量光谱?你如何量化空气载声?数量和单位的一致性对于准确测量至关重要,而这也只有在每个人都使用同一种语言的情况下才能实现。这也是ISO/IEC 80000系列标准正在做的事情,该系列标准目前正在修订过程中。
BIPM引用ISO/IEC 80000数量和单位系列为国际单位制(SI),即SI手册,的编撰提供指导,并借此为数量和单位的确定提供重要支持。SI手册共是由13个部分组成,其中两个部分来自IEC,其他11个部分来自ISO。部分内容已经接近修订的最后重要阶段。
这一系列标准加强了用于科学和工程的术语、定义以及符号的一致性,同时也能统一使用的语言和方程的表达。它还可减少错误风险,促进和鼓励有不同学科背景的科学家和工程师之间的交流。
IEC TC 25的主席 Michael Krystek博士说道,度量单位在全球各行业范围内的统一对于工业和全球贸易极为重要。度量单位的统一将促进创新产品和服务的开发。ISO/IEC 80000系列定期更新,以期满足当下市场要求。
这套系列标准确定了术语、定义、建议符号、单位以及其他一些用于科学、工程、计量学和工业的数量相关信息。它也为科学或技术文件、教科书、标准和指导的撰写提供参考。
大部分内容还处于DIS阶段,有望日后公布。其中包括:
.ISO 80000-2: 数学
.ISO 80000-4: 力学
.ISO 80000-5: 热力学
.ISO 80000-7: 光及辐射
.ISO 80000-10: 原子与核物理学
.ISO 80000-12: 凝聚体物理学
另外,目前有两个部分刚进入DIS阶段,这也就意味着在最终发布前,有意者可以再次就草案提出反馈意见。这两个部分有:
.ISO 80000-9: 物理化学和分子物理学
.ISO 80000-11: 特征数
这个系列另外有关数量和单位的有:
.ISO 80000-1: 常规
.ISO 80000-3: 空间和时间
.ISO 80000-6: 电磁学
.ISO 80000-8: 声学
.ISO 80000-13: 信息科学与技术
ISO/IEC 80000系列标准的IEC部分由IEC TC 25(数量和单位)制定,该委员会的秘书处是由意大利承担。IEC TC 25与IEC TC 1在术语方面有密切合作。同时IEC TC 25还与ISO/TC 12(数量与单位)、OIML、ITU以及BIPM有紧密联系。
除了IEC直接负责的两个部分以外,委员会也为ISO/IEC 80000系列标准其他部分的制定作出很大贡献。IEC分委员会(SC)34A:灯具,IEC SC 62B:诊断成像设备,IEC TC 76:光辐射安全和激光设备,IEC TC 100:音频、视频以及多媒体系统和设备和IEC TC 110:电子显示器件,这些全为ISO 80000-7(光及辐射)的制定过程中发挥了极其重要的作用。而且,ISO-80000-8(声学)也参考了由IEC TC 29制定的标准(电声学)。
这些标准有望用于测量学、技术学院以及学术界。技术书籍的作者、译者以及标准制定者和各个领域也能使用这些标准。
Measuring up – International Standards for quantities and units are under revision
Geneva, Switzerland, 2017-01-30 – What are the correct symbols for bits and bytes? How do you accurately measure the spectrum of light? How do you quantify airborne sound? Consistency in quantities and units is essential for accurate measurement and can only be achieved if everyone is using the same language. The ISO/IEC 80000 series of Standards does just that, and it is currently under revision.
The ISO/IEC 80000 quantities and units series is referenced in the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) guide on the International System of Units (SI), known as the SI brochure, and thus provides important support for the definition of quantities and units. It consists of 13 different parts, featuring two from the IEC(International Electrotechnical Commission) and 11 from the ISO (International Organization for Standardization), some of which are approaching a crucial and final stage of their revision.
This series of Standards underpins the international harmonization of terms, definitions and symbols used in science and engineering and thus guarantees a unified language and writing of formulae. It reduces the risk of error and facilitates and encourages communication between scientists and engineers of many disciplines.
Dr. Michael Krystek, Chair of IEC TC 25, states “The unification of measurements on a global scale, for all domains of activities, is vital to industries and global trade. This harmonization will ease the development of innovative products and services. The ISO/IEC 80000 series is periodically revised in order to stay relevant to today’s market demands.”
The series gives terms, definitions, recommended symbols, units and any other important information related to quantities used in science, engineering, metrology and industry. It is a reference for those writing scientific or technical documents, textbooks, standards and guides.
A number of the parts are currently at Draft International Standard (DIS) stage and approaching publication. They are:
• ISO 80000-2: Mathematics
• ISO 80000-4: Mechanics
• ISO 80000-5: Thermodynamics
• ISO 80000-7: Light and radiation
• ISO 80000-10: Atomic and nuclear physics
• ISO 80000-12: Condensed matter physics
In addition, two parts have recently reached DIS stage, meaning interested parties can once more submit feedback on the draft before final publication. They are:
• ISO 80000-9: Physical chemistry and molecular physics
• ISO 80000-11: Characteristic numbers
The other parts in the series on quantities and units are:
• ISO 80000-1: General
• ISO 80000-3: Space and time
• IEC 80000-6: Electromagnetism
• ISO 80000-8: Acoustics
• IEC 80000-13: Information science and technology
The IEC parts of the ISO/IEC 80000 series of Standards are developed by IEC Technical Committee (TC) 25: Quantities and units, whose secretariat is located in Italy. IEC TC 25 maintains a close collaboration with IEC TC 1: Terminology, and is in constant liaison with ISO/TC 12: Quantities and units, the International Organization for Legal Metrology (OIML), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the BIPM.
On top of the two parts that are under direct IEC responsibility, the Commission also contributes significantly to the other parts of the ISO/IEC 80000 series of Standards. IEC Subcommittee (SC) 34A: Lamps, IEC SC 62B: Diagnostic imaging equipment, IEC TC 76: Optical radiation safety and laser equipment, IEC TC 100: Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment, and IEC TC 110: Electronic display devices, all play an integral role in the development of ISO 80000-7: Light and radiation. Furthermore, ISO-80000-8: Acoustics specifically refers to Standards developed by IEC TC 29: Electroacoustics.
The Standards are expected to be used by metrology and technical institutes, academia, technical book writers and translators, standards developers and many areas of industry.
Copies of IEC International Standards are available from the IEC Webstore and from IEC National Committees.