为凸显标准在日常生活中所起到的重要作用,美国国家标准学会(ANSI)发布了多种多样标准举措的小册子,手册中归纳了全球和各国通用的一些标准,其中很多被ANSI成员及其认定的标准制定组织执行。截取最新的两条如下:
一、便携式音频设备的通用互连
在技术专家看来,“便携式音频设备”一词涵盖广泛,它泛指一切可以来回播放录音带或录像带的手持式电子设备。简称PMP,具有多媒体播放功能,因其功能强大,一度非常流行。人们用它阅读电子书、制作相册,收听播客、已下载好的音乐以及调频广播。随着市场对PMP设备需求的增加,消费者和行业人员越加频繁地使用PMP设备。
新修订的标准为CTA 2017-A-2010 (R2016 便携式音频设备通用互连(之前称作ANSI/CEA-2017-A),该标准规定了设备接头(连接器/连接线)的电气特性和机械特性,众所周知,设备接线往往用于实现家中或车中多媒体系统与手持式设备之间的音频、高清视频、高速USB以及伴随而来的元数据信号、控制信号和电源之间的传输。
该标准由消费者技术协会(Consumer Technology Association (CTA))制定,内容包括对旧版ANSI/CTA-2017标准的改动。应用旧版标准的连接器或设备将与使用新版标准的连接器和设备产生不兼容现象。
消费者技术协会是ANSI的成员,是得到ANSI认可的标准制定组织。作为动态技术行业的推动者,CTA加速了经济增长。CTA通过行业调查,对其成员进行标准化教育;同时通过制定行业标准形成整体性产业。
二、制冷系统及制冷剂命名分类安全标准
美国加热冷冻及空调工程师协会(ASHRAE)发布报告称,由其编制的冷冻剂分类列表上共有160余种冷冻剂,并且随着行业对新式冷冻剂的需求,这一列表将不断扩大。 ASHRAE 15-2016标准和ASHRAE 34-2016 标准 是美国制冷体系及制冷剂分类和命名安全标准。ASHRAE 34-2016标准为冷冻剂的命名和分类(根据冷冻剂的可燃性和毒性)提供了一个较便捷的方法。而15-2016标准规定了冷冻设备的操作流程。这两项标准均由ASHRAE制定。作为ANSI的成员和冷冻剂制定管理机构,ASHRAE是一个致力于通过可持续性技术改善环境、为人类谋福利的全球性组织。协会及其56000余名成员致力于研发清洁制冷系统、提高资源利用效率,改善室内空气质量。根据协会发布的报告我们可知,不断变化的社会需求呼吁研发和使用新式制冷剂。
Voluntary Standards Cover the Spectrum: from Interconnection for Portable Media Players to Refrigeration Systems
In an effort to communicate the vital role that standards play in daily life, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) publishes snapshots of the diverse standards initiatives undertaken in the global and national standards arena, many of which are performed by ANSI members and ANSI-accredited standards developers. Two of the latest selections follow:
Common Interconnection for Portable Media Players
Technical experts describe “portable media player” as an umbrella term for a variety of handheld devices that play back audio, video, or both. Often abbreviated as PMPs, these popular consumer devices have a range of abilities and, due to multimedia playback capabilities, are often used by consumers to read e-books, to organize photo albums, and to access stored music, podcasts, and FM radio. As the demand for PMP interconnectivity rises, so do the possibilities for the consumers and industries that utilize these devices on a regular basis.
The revised standard CTA 2017-A-2010 (R2016), Common Interconnection for Portable Media Players(formerly known as ANSI/CEA-2017-A), defines electrical and mechanical properties for a connector that will pass audio, high definition video, high speed/superspeed Universal Serial Bus (USB) and associated metadata signals, control signals, and power between portable electronic devices and in-home and in-vehicle audio/video systems.
Developed by the Consumer Technology Association (CTA), CTA-2017-A includes significant changes from ANSI/CTA-2017. Connectors and devices implemented using CTA-2017-A may not be compatible with those that use ANSI/CTA-2017.
CTA is an ANSI member and accredited standards developer. As a catalyst to the dynamic technology industry, the Consumer Technology Association (CTA) accelerates growth and progress for the fast-paced economy. With leading market research, CTA educates members, and by establishing standards, CTA shapes the industry at large.
Safety Standard for Refrigeration Systems and Designation and Classification of Refrigerants
More than 160 refrigerants are maintained under the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE’s) refrigerant classification standard, and this list continues to grow as the industry’s need for new refrigerants surges, the organization reports. Within the ASHRAE Standard 15-2016/ASHRAE Standard 34-2016 package, Safety Standard for Refrigeration Systems and Designation and Classification of Refrigerants, Standard 34 describes a shorthand way of naming refrigerants and assigns safety classifications based on toxicity and flammability data. Standard 15 establishes procedures for operating equipment and systems when using those refrigerants. ASHRAE offers the standards as a set.
ASHRAE, an ANSI member and audited designator, is a global society advancing human well-being through sustainable technology for the built environment. The Society and its more than 56,000 members worldwide focus on building systems, energy efficiency, indoor air quality, refrigeration and sustainability. It reports how the changing needs of society are creating requirements for new refrigerants to be developed and used.