生态设计('Ecodesign)是指生产更节能的产品,同时它也意味着设计出来的产品在使用期间消耗更少的原材料和其他资源。在这个方面,欧洲标准化委员会和欧洲电工技术标准化委员会将会合作制定新标准解决材料利用效率相关问题,例如能源相关产品的耐用度、部件重复利用以及产品生命周期结束时的材料回收。
在CEN和CENELEC,目前有约20个技术委员会参与制定支持实施生态设计指令的欧盟法规(2009 /125/EC)和能源标签指令(2010/30/EU)框架内欧盟法规的实施。此项工作的整体协调由欧洲生态设计协调小组(Eco-CG)负责,该小组由相关技术委员会、合作组织、欧盟和其他利益相关方的代表组成。
在生态设计这面大旗下,CEN和CENELEC继续支持欧洲标的制定和应用,从而使生产商可以测量各类电器和设备使用时的能源消耗量,其中涉及的产品有热水器、台灯、电脑、厨灶、冰箱、真空吸尘器、洗碗机和洗衣机等。这些标准的制定是为了响应欧盟委员会发布的具体标准化的要求。
2015年12月,欧盟委员会批准了一个雄心勃勃的“循环经济一揽子计划”,旨在帮助欧洲的公司和消费者过渡到一个能源消费更加合理的循环经济发展模式中。作为整个整体计划的一部分,欧洲标准化组织被要求制定能源使用效率标准,从而确定未来生态设计的生产要求,即耐用性、可维修性和可循环性。
2016年1月,CEN和CENELEC接受了欧盟委员会的要求,为支持生态设计指令(2009/125号/EC),决定就能源产品的材料利用效率问题联合制定新标准。在这个要求的框架内CEN和CENELEC制定了一项或多项标准,其中涵盖适用各类能源相关产品的通用要求。
即将出台的欧洲标准将会明确规定产品的参数、评估方法并在以下方面进行指导,即延长产品适用周期(耐用性),产品部件可回收再利用或者说是在产品生命周期结束时的材料回收,以及回收部件的再利用,产品中再生材料的使用。
标准尤其要注意以下方面,首先是汇报格式,其次是回收、再利用和可修复的指数,革新换代速率,获取关键部件以重新利用、维修、回收和处理的能力,制定确定部件(例如部件对环境的影响)的方法和测量及计算产品中回收和重复利用的部件的利用率。
为了保证标准计划的顺利和及时实施,CEN和CENELEC成立了一个新的联合工作小组((CEN-CLC/JWG 10))。这个新的联合工作小组的秘书处由荷兰标准协会(NEN)和荷兰电工委员会(NEC)共同组成,二者皆为CEN和CENELEC的成员。组成该联合工作小组的专家成员由CEN和CENELEC的成员国和CEN或CENELEC视为合作组织或联络组织的欧洲组织提名。
这个新的联合工作小组有望在2016年夏天开始就能源产品的材料利用效率问题制定出新标准。期间CEN和CENELEC生态设计协调小组的第4特别工作组已经开始准备工作项目来促进标准计划的实施,该计划已于6月敲定并实施。
CEN and CENELEC collaborate to develop new horizontal standards on material efficiency of energy-related products
'Ecodesign' means making products that are more energy-efficient, and which also use less raw materials and other resources during their lifetimes. In this regard, CEN and CENELEC will work to develop new standards addressing 'material efficiency' aspects such as the durability of energy-related products, and the ability to re-use components or recycle materials from products at end of life.
Within CEN and CENELEC, around 20 Technical Committees are involved in developing European Standards that support the implementation of specific EU Regulations issued in the framework of the Ecodesign Directive (2009/125/ EC) and the Energy Labelling Directive (2010/30/EU). The overall coordination of this work is the responsibility of the CEN-CENELEC Ecodesign Coordination Group (Eco-CG), which brings together representatives from relevant Technical Committees and partner organizations, the European Commission and other interested stakeholders.
Under the 'Ecodesign' umbrella, CEN and CENELEC continue to support the development and adoption of European Standards that enable manufacturers to measure the energy performance of various types of appliances and equipment during their use. These standards (relating to products such as heaters, lamps, computers, cooking appliances, refrigerators, vacuum cleaners, dishwashers and washing machines, etc.) are developed in response to specific standardization requests issued by the European Commission.
In December 2015, the European Commission adopted an ambitious 'Circular Economy Package', with the aim of helping European businesses and consumers make the transition to a more circular economy where resources are used in a more sustainable way. As part of this package, the European Standardization Organizations would be requested "to develop standards on material efficiency for setting future Ecodesign requirements on durability, reparability and recyclability of products".
In January 2016, CEN and CENELEC accepted a request from the Commission to develop horizontal standards on 'material efficiency' aspects of energyrelated products in support of the Ecodesign Directive (2009/125/EC). In the framework of this request (M/543), CEN and CENELEC will develop one or several horizontal standard(s) containing generic requirements applicable to various types of energy-related products.
The resulting European Standard (or Standards) will provide definitions of parameters, assessment methods and guidance on the following aspects: extending product lifetime (durability); the ability to re-use components or recycle materials from products at end-of-life; and the use of re-used components and/ or recycled materials in products.
In particular, the standard or standards should address: reporting formats; reusability, recyclability and recoverability indices; upgrade-ability; the ability to extract key components for reuse, repair, recycling and treatment; methods to identify components (for example regarding their environmental impact); and methods to measure and calculate the presence of recycled and re-used content in products.
In order to ensure the proper and timely implementation of M/543, CEN and CENELEC have set up a new Joint Working Group (CEN-CLC/JWG 10). The secretariat of this Joint Working Group is held jointly by NEN and NEC (the Dutch members of CEN and CENELEC), and its members include experts nominated by national members of CEN and of CENELEC, and by European organizations which are recognized as a 'partner organization' or 'liaison organization' of CEN and/or CENELEC.
The new Joint Working Group is expected to start working on the development of standards on 'material efficiency' aspects of energy-related products in the summer of 2016. In the meantime, Task Force 4 ('Resource Efficiency') of the CENCENELEC Ecodesign Coordination Group has been preparing a work programme for the implementation of M/543, which should be finalized and adopted in June.